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From the 1050s, significant Muslim populations came under Christian rule. By 1300 most had been expelled from their homelands, except for Spanish Muslims, who persevered forced conversion in 1525, before their expulsion in 1615. Through these centuries, colonized Muslims were deeply embroiled in both their Christian host societies and with local Jewish minorities, and continued to form part of a larger Islamic world. They had a tremendous impact on the development of European culture, society, and identity, and their experiences also comprise an important chapter of Islamic history. This project surveys their communities and analyzes the impact of Christian domination, reciprocal influences of the majority and minority, and their influence on Latin society and culture. A diverse range of methodological approaches will illuminate not only the history of the Muslims of Latin Christendom, but the nature of ethnic and confessional identity and majority-minority relations in general.