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The project examines violence in the practice of everyday politics in modern Japan, to explore the dynamics of the relationship between private, organized, political violence and the modern Japanese state. This inquiry focuses on “professional providers of political violence”: those who received compensation for performing acts of political violence, or those with a reputation for violence who used or threatened violence in the political sphere. Through an exploration of the professionally violent, the project deals with three issues: the role of political violence in the formative years of the modern nation-state; the relationship between violence and democracy, and violence and fascism; and the ways in which violence shaped modern Japan’s ideological landscape.