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This project proposal requests funding to continue research in Ukraine on a book-length project. In 1941-1944, Romania occupied a south-western part of Ukraine. Between 220,000 and 300,000 Jews and about 10,000 Gypsies, both local and those deported from Romania, perished there as a result of the occupation. The book will cover, for the first time in historiography, the social history of this region during occupation. Its publication will contribute to debates on the wider issues of Romanian and Ukrainian history, such as the aims and dynamic of Romanian anti-Jewish and anti-Roma policy, the role of local Ukrainian population in the persecution of Jews and Roma (Gypsies), and the nature of collaboration and resistance in the occupied Soviet Ukraine. It will likely spur a public debate on those painful episodes from the national pasts of Ukrainians and Romanians, thus contributing to the "healing process" which might help alleviate those societies' deep-seated complexes.